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Java8 Collections::sort引起的ConcurrentModificationException

问题背景

生产环境(JDK8u144)中有部分公共数据存在xml中,使用时会将xml数据读取到内存,以 ArrayList 存储,多个用户(多线程)对同一个 ArrayList 使用了 Collections 的sort(List,Comparator)方法进行排序,从而触发了 ConcurrentModificationException。其本质就是一个并发问题。

问题复现

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@Test
public void testConcurrentModificationException() throws Exception {
Random random = new Random();
//初始化ArrayList
List<Integer> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
dataList.add(random.nextInt(10));
}
System.out.println("initialize " + dataList.stream().map(Objects::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(",")));
//初始化排序任务
Runnable runnable = () -> {
Collections.sort(dataList, Integer::compareTo);
System.out.println("thread[" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] " + dataList.stream().map(Objects::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(",")));
};
//模拟多线程环境对同一个ArraList进行排序
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
ThreadPool.execute(runnable);
}
}

以上Test Case将复现 ConcurrentModificationException 异常

#ConcurrentModificationException

顾名思义,ConcurrentModificationException 是并发修改引起的异常。追溯 JDK8u144Collections::sort 实现可以发现,最终调用的是ArrayList的sort方法

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//Collections::sort
public static <T> void sort(List<T> list, Comparator<? super T> c) {
list.sort(c);
}
//ArrayList::sort
public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
final int expectedModCount = modCount;
Arrays.sort((E[]) elementData, 0, size, c);
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
modCount++;
}

而在 JDK8u20 之前

解决方案

加锁

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@Test
public void testConcurrentModificationException() throws Exception {
Random random = new Random();
List<Integer> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
dataList.add(random.nextInt(10));
}
System.out.println("initialize {}" + dataList.stream().map(Objects::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(",")));
Runnable runnable = () -> {
synchronized (random) {
Collections.sort(dataList, Integer::compareTo);
System.out.println("thread[" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] " + dataList.stream().map(Objects::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(",")));
}
};
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
ThreadPool.execute(runnable);
}
}

使用 CopyOnWriteArrayList

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@Test
public void testConcurrentModificationException() throws Exception {
Random random = new Random();
List<Integer> dataList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
dataList.add(random.nextInt(10));
}
System.out.println("initialize {}" + dataList.stream().map(Objects::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(",")));
Runnable runnable = () -> {
Collections.sort(dataList, Integer::compareTo);
System.out.println("thread[" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] " + dataList.stream().map(Objects::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(",")));
};
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
ThreadPool.execute(runnable);
}
}
(EOF)
杨威
发布日期 :2017-09-25
自由转载-非商用-非衍生-保持署名(知识共享3.0许可证)
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